How to change the open mode of all pluggable databases

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When you need to modify the open mode of all your PDBs at the same time (look at this post if you want to change the open mode of only a specific pluggable database) you can use ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE command and the ALL option.
As usual you have to ensure that the current container is the root.

SQL> SELECT SYS_CONTEXT ('USERENV', 'CON_NAME') FROM DUAL;

SYS_CONTEXT('USERENV','CON_NAME')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CDB$ROOT

The following statement for example changes the open mode of all your pluggable databases at the same time.

SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select NAME, OPEN_MODE, CON_ID from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE      CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY    2
PDB001          MOUNTED     3
PDB002          MOUNTED     4

When you need to change the open mode of all pluggable database except for listed ones you can include also the EXCEPT option as in the following example:

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT PDB001 OPEN READ WRITE;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select NAME, OPEN_MODE, CON_ID from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE      CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY    2
PDB001          MOUNTED     3
PDB002          READ WRITE    4

To open all my pluggable databases I can simply execute the following command. It doesn't take care that PDB002 is already open in READ WRITE mode: any error is returned because the pluggable databases are in different open mode.

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN READ WRITE;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select NAME, OPEN_MODE, CON_ID from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE      CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY    2
PDB001          READ WRITE    3
PDB002          READ WRITE    4

However, if any of your pluggable databases are in READ ONLY mode, then the statement returns the error "ORA-65019: pluggable database PDB001 already open" as you can see:

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select NAME, OPEN_MODE, CON_ID from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE      CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY    2
PDB001          MOUNTED     3
PDB002          MOUNTED     4

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE PDB001 OPEN READ ONLY;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select NAME, OPEN_MODE, CON_ID from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE      CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY    2
PDB001          READ ONLY    3
PDB002          MOUNTED     4

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN READ WRITE;
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN READ WRITE
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65019: pluggable database PDB001 already open

Even if the statement fails for pluggable database PDB001 it was able to open PDB002 as requested:

SQL> select NAME, OPEN_MODE, CON_ID from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE      CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY    2
PDB001          READ ONLY    3
PDB002          READ WRITE    4

To avoid the error ORA-65019 you can include the FORCE option in your command:

SQL> ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN READ WRITE FORCE;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select NAME, OPEN_MODE, CON_ID from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE      CON_ID
------------------------------ ---------- ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY    2
PDB001          READ WRITE    3
PDB002          READ WRITE    4

To shutdown all your pluggable databases except one you can use the following command:

SQL> alter pluggable database all except PDB002 close immediate;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select name, open_mode from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY
PDB001          MOUNTED
PDB002          READ WRITE

To list some of your pluggable databases you can use the comma as in the following example where I need to open all my pluggable databases (PDB001 and PDB002) except those listed (just PDB001 and PDB002!!). Nothing happens of course.

SQL> alter pluggable database all except PDB002,PDB001 open;

Pluggable database altered.

SQL> select name, open_mode from V$PDBS;

NAME          OPEN_MODE
------------------------------ ----------
PDB$SEED         READ ONLY
PDB001          MOUNTED
PDB002          READ WRITE

That's all.